How Does Domestic Industrial Software Have a Place in Manufacturing Industry
"Lack of core and lack of soul" is an important bottleneck restricting our country to become a powerful manufacturing country. Industrial software does not exist in physical form, but is the "brain" of industrial enterprise operation. It is an invisible "national heavy weapon" supporting the development and innovation of modern industrial system. It can be called "industrial soul". At present, the innovation and application of industrial software in our country do not match the status of a big manufacturing country, and the gap between the innovation and application of industrial software and the requirement of a strong manufacturing country is bigger. It not only hinders our country to obtain the initiative of industrial development, but also poses a threat to industrial information security. "Cumulative effect", "lock-in effect" and "ecological effect" are the three major barriers to the development of China's industrial software industry. It is suggested that the three barriers should be gradually broken down and the innovation of China's industrial software industry should be promoted on the basis of strengthening technological innovation and accumulation, drawing on major application projects and relying on the construction of a global platform. Exhibition and application.
1. Lack of industrial software makes it difficult to become a powerful manufacturing country
(1) The gap between the development of industrial software and the requirements of powerful manufacturing countries is obvious.
The level of development and application of industrial software is inconsistent with the status of a manufacturing power. With the acceleration of the transformation of manufacturing industry to informatization and digitalization, the scale of industrial software market in China is expanding rapidly. From 2011 to 2016, the growth rate is about 15%-17.5%, which is higher than that of global industrial software 5%-6%. However, from the perspective of global market share and self-sufficiency, the development and application level of industrial software does not match the status of China's manufacturing power, which is far from the manufacturing power. In 2016, China's industrial software market was 124.73 billion yuan, of which non-embedded software was 46.14 billion yuan (Saidi Consultant's White Paper on Industrial Software Development in China 2017), accounting for only 5.5% of the global market share, which did not match the 20% share of the world made by China.
The self-sufficiency rate of independent industrial software is low. In terms of market self-sufficiency, in 2016, China's R&D and design software market was 10.35 billion yuan, 80% of which was dominated by foreign companies, including 19.05% and 10.73% of Dassault system and Siemens PLM market share, 16.46 billion yuan of production control software market share, 60% of which was occupied by Siemens, Honeywell, GE and other multinational enterprises. The information management software market is 19.33 billion yuan, mainly dominated by domestic enterprises such as Tide, UFI, Kingdee and so on. The market share of foreign enterprises such as Oracle and SAP is about 15%. At the same time, some special industrial software in high-end industries are almost monopolized by foreign companies. For example, the design work of domestic integrated circuit design companies basically relies on electronic automation software (EDA) provided by Synopsys, Cadence and Mentor, and 90% of aviation enterprises adopt Dassault Systems. Provided aircraft design software. From the point of view of software product types, most of the R&D and design software markets with higher technology content are occupied by foreign enterprises, while Chinese enterprises have a higher market share in the development of information resources software with lower threshold.
(2) Hidden Industrial Safety Risks due to the Lack of Independent Industrial Software
Industrial software is the product of the continuous evolution of industrial technology system and specialization division of labor in the third industrial revolution characterized by the application of computer and information technology. It has penetrated and been widely used in R&D, production control, assembly and testing, after-sales operation and maintenance, remote service and other links in almost all industrial fields to carry out data. Collection, analysis and decision-making have become the "soul" of modern industrial system. Over-reliance on foreign industrial software will result in the loss of not only the software market, but also the loss of industrial development initiative and the risk of affecting industrial information security.
First, there is the risk that manufacturing industry will be locked in low-end and lose the initiative of industrial development. On the one hand, industrial software is the carrier of the integration of industrial technology and information technology, and the code expression of industrial knowledge, industry technology and management experience. Over-reliance on foreign industrial software means that industrial activities can only be carried out along foreign knowledge system, technology line, design ideas and management experience, which is not conducive to Chinese workers. With the innovation and accumulation of industrial technology, China's manufacturing industry will remain the "body" of manufacturing and be locked in the low end of the "smile curve". On the other hand, industrial software, especially R&D and design software, condenses the most advanced R&D and design concepts, knowledge, methods and tools. It is impossible for foreign enterprises to sell industrial software with the latest innovative achievements. The solidified technology and data of the previous or even previous generations are often found in the sellable industrial software, and even exist. The phenomenon of "embargo" on sale or high-end modules hinders the innovation process of Chinese enterprises. For example, in the development of Boeing 787 aircraft, more than 8000 kinds of software are used, less than 1000 of which are commercial software, while the others are only for Boeing's own use, which is the core competitiveness of Boeing. At present, 80% of R&D and design software in our country depends on foreign countries, and 80% of product development and innovation ability are controlled by foreign countries. In the long run, there will be the risk of innovation hollowing.
Second, there are risks of industrial information security. The use of industrial software will produce a large number of industrial data and business information. Once lost or abused, enterprises will suffer serious economic losses, even lead to industrial paralysis and endanger national industrial security. For example, in 2011, the Solidworks software of Dassault Systems Company was exposed as a backdoor for leaking computer information. The R&D and design software of Dassault Systems Company was widely used in aerospace, automobile and other industries in China. Although the company stated that there was no mechanism for legal authorized software to provide confidential customer data without customer permission, it did not. The warning of industrial information security brought by software application is put forward.
2.Three barriers hinder the innovation and development of industrial software
2.Three barriers hinder the innovation and development of industrial software
In 2017, the Mercator Research Institute of Germany assessed the development of industrial robots, industrial software and 3D printing technology for industrial 4.0 in China. It was concluded that the gap between industrial software and foreign technology was the greatest, and the speed of catch-up and progress was the slowest. We consider that the characteristics of industrial software industry determine that there are strong "cumulative effect", "lock-in effect" and "ecological effect" in technology, market and application. There is no late-developing advantage for the later generations of industrial software.
(1) The weak industrial base makes it difficult to break through the barrier of "cumulative effect"
Looking back on the history, we can see that the establishment and development of the world-renowned industrial software enterprises are basically synchronized with the process of industrial informationization. After decades of continuous precipitation, accumulation, upgrading and updating, they have developed to a fairly high level and level, which has raised the knowledge threshold for later generations to catch up with and formed a "cumulative effect" wall. Horizon has become an insurmountable gap for China's industrial software to achieve maturity, stability and availability improvement in the short term. First, the core technology of industrial software depends on foreign countries. For example, if foreign manufacturers master the core geometry kernel of CAE and CAD, Chinese enterprises mainly carry out secondary development or customized development based on foreign products. At the same time, some core algorithms of industrial software have not yet been mastered, such as geometric internal accounting method of CAD and finite-dimensional algorithm of CAE. Domestic software enterprises need to operate through authorization or purchase as a whole. Type for use. Second, the foundation of industrial knowledge and technology is weak. Software of industrial technology is a process of dominance, digitalization and systematization of industrial knowledge, technological experience, technological know-how, manufacturing knowledge and methods. Its maturity directly represents the industrialization ability and level of a country. Most of China's manufacturing industry is in the follow-up stage or at the middle and low end of the value chain. It lacks in-depth understanding of the underlying design principles and industrial mechanisms, insufficient accumulation of knowledge and technology in key basic materials, core basic components, advanced basic processes and industrial technology, and advanced industrial knowledge that can be encapsulated into software. Technology. For example, the development of EDA tools is a combination of reliable algorithms and processes. The most advanced process lines in China are all imported, and they do not have deep submicron level process capability. Therefore, it is impossible to make a breakthrough in the short term in the development of tools combining EDA software with processes. In addition, the insufficient accumulation of compound talents who know not only information technology but also industrial technology, and have certain management knowledge, is also an important reason for the improvement of industrial software innovation ability.
(2) The huge switching cost constitutes the "lock-in effect" barrier
The "lock-in effect" brought by huge switching costs makes software users have path dependence when choosing software, which becomes an important obstacle on the road of industrial software industrialization in China. At present, some software enterprises in our country have the ability to provide software support and solutions for users of domestic industrial enterprises, but there are big obstacles in marketing. In addition to the trust of users in foreign brands, the most important reason is the huge conversion cost, which makes it difficult for domestic software to replace the software already used by enterprises. Enterprise replacement software system is an expensive and time-consuming system engineering, which requires changes in enterprise R&D organization system, organization management mode, business process, etc. At the same time, employees who operate and use software need training and adaptation. In addition, compatibility between domestic software and existing foreign software should also be considered.
(3) Platform constitutes "ecological effect" barrier
Platform contention has become the commanding point of competition in the era of intelligent manufacturing. Leaders of manufacturing and IT both at home and abroad have accelerated the layout of industrial platforms through M&A or R&D on the basis of their own advantages, such as GE's Redix platform, Siemens'Mindsphere platform, SAP's HANA platform, etc. The platform provides coverage research by providing coverage research. Industrial software of development design, process simulation, prototype testing, manufacturing, remote service and other links constructs the industrial ecology of intelligent manufacturing. The most typical is Siemens. Since 2005, more than 10 software companies, such as UGS, INNOTEC, CAMSTAR and Tesis, have been acquired successively. At the same time, SAP software and Oracle database have been integrated. The software support capability of the whole manufacturing process has been complemented from different perspectives, and seamless docking has been achieved to build exclusive, closed and monopolistic ecosystems. First become the only intelligent manufacturing software and hardware integration solution provider in the world. In contrast, China's industrial software enterprises mainly develop single-link software, such as R&D, design, production control, information resources, etc. The ecological deployment throughout the manufacturing process is less, and the ability to provide users with overall solutions is weak.
3. Complying with the trend of economic globalization and manufacturing industry intellectualization, we should adopt precise measures to break down the three major barriers.
(1) Make up for the shortcomings of technology and talent in the industrial 2.0 and 3.0 era and break down the "cumulative effect" barrier
Although industrial software is based on information technology, it can not be separated from the support of industrial knowledge and technology. China's industrial technological innovation capability has been greatly improved, but under the "compressed" industrialization development model, the foundation of industrial knowledge and key common technologies is still not firm, and the shortcomings of industrial 2.0 and 3.0 era need to be filled. It is suggested that the relevant national science and technology plans continue to provide sustained and specialized support for the development and innovation of industrial software. In terms of content, we should strengthen the basic technical support for algorithms, and at the same time, we should strengthen the support for industrial basic knowledge and technology, such as key basic materials, core basic components, advanced basic processes and industrial technology foundations, and support the software core of collecting technical specifications, operational specifications, national standards, empirical formulas, model algorithms, etc. The construction of industry knowledge base, model base and arithmetic base of content and solution tools; the software of knowledge and technological achievement of project output should be emphasized in the form of achievement, and the diffusion and application of achievement should be strengthened; and the mode of joint participation of domestic and foreign enterprises and institutions should be explored in project organization.
(2) Reducing the "lock-in effect" barrier by taking major projects or projects as the traction
Industrial software, especially high-end R&D and production process control software, is an innovation driven by the needs of leading users. It needs to rely on industry applications. If it is separated from specific industry needs and environment, the application effect is limited. It is suggested that a new round of intellectualization and green development of industrial revolution be taken as an opportunity, and that in the key areas of aerospace, rail transit equipment, high-grade CNC machine tools and robots, integrated circuits, etc., the leading manufacturing enterprises should take the lead in the demonstration project of intelligent manufacturing or major scientific and technological projects, and the innovative resources at home and abroad of the United Nations should be taken as the lead. Develop a number of high-end industrial software and carry out demonstration applications to reduce the user's "lock-in effect" barriers.
(3) Playing the Advantage of "Ecological Effect" on the Basis of the Construction of Globalization Platform
Facing the needs of transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry, we should support domestic and foreign powerful manufacturing enterprises and IT enterprises to establish a globalized industrial Internet platform independently or cooperatively, absorb domestic and foreign traditional industrial software and new industrial APP enterprises into the platform, and speed up the formulation and revision of relevant platforms and software standards docking with the International community. The advantages of symbiosis and sharing of "ecological effects" promote the development of industrial software industry in China and its integrated application in manufacturing industry.
Note: Industrial software includes non-embedded software and embedded software. This paper mainly focuses on the research of non-embedded software, including research and development, production scheduling, process control and resource management.
This paper is the stage research results of the think tank's special project "Major Issues of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Industrial Integration" and the strategic research project "Major Issues of Promoting Financing and Development of Science and Technology and Economy".
Platform contention has become the commanding point of competition in the era of intelligent manufacturing. Leaders of manufacturing and IT both at home and abroad have accelerated the layout of industrial platforms through M&A or R&D on the basis of their own advantages, such as GE's Redix platform, Siemens'Mindsphere platform, SAP's HANA platform, etc. The platform provides coverage research by providing coverage research. Industrial software of development design, process simulation, prototype testing, manufacturing, remote service and other links constructs the industrial ecology of intelligent manufacturing. The most typical is Siemens. Since 2005, more than 10 software companies, such as UGS, INNOTEC, CAMSTAR and Tesis, have been acquired successively. At the same time, SAP software and Oracle database have been integrated. The software support capability of the whole manufacturing process has been complemented from different perspectives, and seamless docking has been achieved to build exclusive, closed and monopolistic ecosystems. First become the only intelligent manufacturing software and hardware integration solution provider in the world. In contrast, China's industrial software enterprises mainly develop single-link software, such as R&D, design, production control, information resources, etc. The ecological deployment throughout the manufacturing process is less, and the ability to provide users with overall solutions is weak.
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